在政策执行者看来，他们是“不够困难”的人；但在现实中，他们因身体功能受限，在就业市场中的隐性成本远高于健康人，就业机会远低于健康人。
我们通过工作能力评估和岗位匹配模型，让那些未纳入法定残障体系、具备劳动能力的特殊群体寻找就业机会；我们呼吁政府制定相关的法律法规给予这些群体就业帮扶。
我们呼吁社会关注这些长期处于健康人群与法定残疾人之间的边缘状态的脆弱群体，支持他们融入社会。
临界残障指个体虽未达到法定残疾评定标准，但因持续性、不可逆的损伤，已实质性长期限制其劳动能力、社会参与及独立生活能力。该群体呈现出高需求、低保障、低关注的特征。
他们处于健康人群与法定残疾人之间的“边缘地带”，既难获得就业机会，也因未被纳入残疾体系而缺乏社会支持与医疗保障，是易被忽视却亟需关注的脆弱群体
在政策执行者看来，他们是“不够困难”的人；在现实中，他们因身体功能受限，在就业市场中的隐性成本远高于健康人，就业机会远低于健康人。
图说：崔文良希望公开自己的名字，让社会关注他们的处境。
崔文良曾在盲校学习中医推拿，也曾在盲人按摩店被迫假装盲人工作。他反复强调自己并非盲人，借助电脑放大镜和助视器，完全可以和普通人一样工作。投出80多份简历后，他最终获得电话客服岗位，却也坦言：“如果没有残疾人身份，我根本找不到工作。”
模型通过企业岗位问卷与个人工作适配问卷，把岗位需求和求职者自报的工作能力转化为四个模块中的可比较分数，为双向匹配提供参考。
宝树堂服装厂负责人谢强曾是一名医生。三年来，他持续投入建设适合尿毒症患者工作的空间。他更期待的不是个人荣誉，而是公益用地与政策扶持，让个体行动成为可持续的社会支持。
选择尿毒症、白化病或其他情况，记录治疗频率、工作强度、可完成任务与联系方式。
输入问卷中填写的联系方式，查看当前浏览器保存的记录与本机匹配结果。
项目研究聚焦临界能力经济（LAE）的就业机会量化、岗位拓展与政策支持。点击下方资料可查看或下载完整文件。
从就业供需、能力量化和岗位拓展出发，呈现 LAE 模型的研究框架与实践路径。
查看 / 下载文件 →围绕制度识别、就业支持、企业激励与公共服务提出可执行的政策建议。
查看 / 下载文件 →从家庭中一位“隐形”的白化病长辈出发，我们希望让临界残障者被看见，并支持他们获得工作机会、认可与尊严。
我叫辛其易，生活在北京，是一名18岁的人大附中学生。我发起这个临界残障项目的初衷，起源于家庭中一位“隐形”的长辈。
我的外婆来自江西，她的9个兄弟姐妹中有一个患白化病的弟弟，也就是我的小舅公。在小时候的记忆里，他就像隐形人一样，很少参加家族聚会，也没有结婚。他在山坡上的小房子里孤独地生活，靠养猪和亲戚接济为生。长辈和邻居们在谈论他时，也有一种淡淡的羞耻感。我经常想是不是因为他很古怪？随着年龄的增长，我逐渐意识到他没有做错任何事情，他只是没有得到这个社会正确的对待。
在高中，我开始有意识地关注像小舅公一样的“隐形人”。他们看起来四肢健全，也能够独立地工作和生活。但由于某些身体功能受限和社会歧视，长年被社会排除在就业、婚嫁和社区系统之外。我把这些特殊群体，称为“临界残障”。在中国大约有10万白化病患者、350万以上的尿毒症患者，科学地说，这两个疾病本身并非残障，但其引发的并发症与功能受限（如白化病带来的视力损伤、尿毒症高频透析带来的劳动力丧失）却构成了事实上的残障状态。在现行认定标准下，这些群体中的许多人可能无法取得残疾证，因此获得政府经济支持或就业支持的机会也较为有限。
后来，我联系上公益组织“月亮孩子之家”和广州一家雇佣尿毒症病人的服装厂。在他们的帮助下，我深度访谈了20位临界残障人士，收集了100多份调研问卷。我发现就业是他们最大的期望，因为他们不想成为家庭的负担。
因此我设计了这个平台，让那些未纳入法定残障体系、仍具备劳动能力的“隐形人”重新被看见，并尝试通过工作能力评估和岗位匹配模型，帮助他们识别可能适合的就业机会。同时，我带领社团发起展览活动，通过媒体的关注，社会公益组织也被鼓励加入进来，为临界残障人士提供更多就业机会。我们呼吁政府制定相关的法律法规，给予个体和组织相应的政策支持。我希望每一个人都能被看见，能够拥有价值和尊严。这是一个我愿意持续投入并为之努力的事业。
为全面了解患有尿毒症、白化病等临界残障人士的工作适配情况，切实保障用人单位的用工需求，优化工作安排与保障措施，特开展本次调研。所有答案仅用于调研分析。
如果贵单位从未与上述人员建立过用工或合作关系，可以在“其他”处说明。
如果选择了多个岗位，以下第8—12题请以贵单位最有可能提供或最具代表性的一个岗位为准。
说明：月有效全职当量（FTE）是指将实际工作时间或工作量折算为一个标准全职岗位的比例。
为全面了解患有尿毒症人士的工作适配情况，切实保障此类人士的合法权益，优化工作安排与保障措施。说明：答案无对错之分，请结合自身真实工作状态作答。
为全面了解患有白化病人的工作适配情况，切实保障此类工人的合法权益，优化工作安排与保障措施。说明：答案无对错之分，请结合自身真实工作状态作答。
Policymakers often see people with liminal disabilities as “not disadvantaged enough.” Yet in reality, their functional limitations impose much higher hidden costs in the labor market and leave them with far fewer employment opportunities than people without disabilities.
Through work-capability assessments and the Employment Matching Model for Liminal Disability, we help people with liminal disabilities find suitable work. Many people in this group fall outside the statutory disability system but are still able to work. We also advocate for laws and policies that provide them with targeted employment support.
People with liminal disabilities have long been caught between healthy people and those formally recognized as disabled. We call on society to pay greater attention to this vulnerable group and support their inclusion into society.
In this project, liminal disability describes a situation in which a person does not meet the legal criteria for disability recognition but lives with lasting, irreversible impairments. These impairments substantially limit their ability to work, participate in society, and live independently over the long term. People in this situation have significant support needs, yet receive limited protection and public attention.
They occupy a liminal position between healthy people and those formally recognized as disabled. They struggle to find work and face gaps in social support and healthcare coverage because they fall outside the disability support system. Their needs are urgent, yet often overlooked.
Policymakers often see people with liminal disabilities as “not disadvantaged enough.” Yet in reality, their functional limitations impose much higher hidden costs in the labor market and leave them with far fewer employment opportunities than people without disabilities.
Caption: Cui Wenliang wants to speak out under his real name to draw public attention to their plight.
Cui Wenliang studied traditional Chinese massage therapy at a school for blind students. He later worked at a massage business employing blind practitioners, where he felt compelled to present himself as blind. He repeatedly stressed that he was not blind. With screen-magnification software and low-vision aids, he could perform many of the same tasks as other employees. After submitting more than 80 job applications, he eventually secured a telephone customer-service role. Yet he admitted: Without disability status, I might not find work at all. He values the job, but what he wants most is for his abilities to be recognized and accepted on equal terms. His experience reflects a long journey involving employment, dignity, and self-identity.
The model uses the Employer Survey and individual Job Fit Surveys to convert job requirements and self-reported work capabilities into comparable scores across four modules, providing a basis for two-way matching.
Choose the relevant Job Fit Survey for people receiving dialysis treatment or people with albinism. Provide information about your work capabilities, scheduling needs, workplace needs, and contact details.
Complete a Job Fit SurveyProvide information about job tasks, the work environment, staffing requirements, and preferred working arrangements so the model can compare the job profile with job-seeker profiles.
Complete the Employer SurveyReview the four matching modules, grade bands, and composite-score calculation to understand how the model generates matching recommendations.
View Model DetailsXie Qiang, who runs Baoshutang Garment Factory, was once a doctor. For three years he has invested in a workplace suited to people receiving dialysis. He hopes for public-interest land and policy support so that individual action can become lasting social support.
Select dialysis, albinism, or another condition or treatment status. Tell us how often you receive treatment, the level of work intensity you can manage, the tasks you can do, and how to contact you.
Enter the contact details provided in the survey to view records and local matching results saved in this browser.
The project examines how employment opportunities within the Liminal Ability Economy (LAE) can be assessed and expanded, together with the policy support required. View or download the full documents below.
Drawing on employment supply and demand, capability measurement, and the expansion of job opportunities, the report presents the LAE model’s research framework and practical pathways.
View or DownloadPractical recommendations on recognition within policy systems, employment support, employer incentives, and public services, informed by our research findings.
View or DownloadOur project began with the story of an “invisible” older relative with albinism in our family. We hope to make people with liminal disabilities visible and help them find opportunities to work, be recognized, and live with dignity.
My name is Qiyi Xin. I am an 18-year-old student at the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China in Beijing. The idea for this project on liminal disability began with an “invisible” elder in my family.
My maternal grandmother is from Jiangxi Province. One of her nine siblings, my great-uncle, has albinism. In my childhood memories, he seemed almost invisible within our extended family. He rarely attended family gatherings and never married. He lived alone in a small house on a hillside, supporting himself by raising pigs and receiving occasional help from relatives. When older family members or neighbors spoke about him, I often sensed a quiet embarrassment. As a child, I wondered whether it was because he was strange. As I grew older, however, I began to realize that he had done nothing wrong. He simply had not been treated fairly by society.
In high school, I started paying attention to other “invisible people” whose experiences were similar to his. Indeed, some do not appear disabled in everyday life and can live independently; however, long-term functional limitations and social prejudice continue to restrict their access to employment, family life, and community participation. In this project, I use the term “liminal disability” to describe people who live with substantial functional limitations but may not meet the current criteria for formal disability certification. There are about 100,000 people with albinism and more than 3.5 million people with uremia in China. Scientifically speaking, these two conditions are not disabilities in themselves, but the complications and functional limitations they cause—such as vision impairment from albinism or loss of work capacity due to frequent dialysis for uremia—can result in a de facto state of disability. Many people in these groups may not qualify for a disability certificate under the current criteria and may therefore have limited access to government financial or employment support.
Later I contacted the Chinese Organization for Albinism (COA) and Guangzhou Baoshutang Garment Factory that employs people with uremia. I conducted in-depth interviews with 20 individuals with liminal disabilities and collected more than 100 survey responses. Through this process, I found that employment was their most urgent concern. They wanted to support themselves and did not want to feel like a burden on their families.
That’s why I created this platform to help make these “invisible people,” who are not included in the official disability system but still have the ability to work, visible again. Through work capability assessments and a job-matching model, the platform seeks to help them identify suitable employment opportunities. At the same time, I led my school club in organizing exhibitions. Media coverage of these activities has encouraged more social organizations to become involved and offer employment opportunities to people with liminal disabilities. We also call on the government to introduce relevant laws and policies to support both individuals and organizations. I hope everyone can be seen, recognized for their worth, and live with dignity. This is a cause I am passionate about and one I wish to continue pursuing.
Dear Participant:
This survey examines job characteristics, task arrangements, staffing needs, and the potential for employers to provide workplace support and reasonable adjustments for individuals with long-term health conditions or functional limitations. The findings will inform subsequent research on job fit and recommendations for employment support.
In this survey, "relevant individuals" refers to people who may need adjustments to working hours, task intensity, the work environment, or work arrangements because of a long-term health condition or functional limitation.
The information you provide will be used only for research analysis in this project. Research materials will be de-identified, and information that could directly identify an individual or organization will not be publicly disclosed. Please answer based on your organization’s actual circumstances. Thank you for your participation and support.
Instructions: There are no right or wrong answers. Please respond based on your organization’s current job structure and actual staffing practices.
If your organization has never had an employment or working relationship with such individuals, you may indicate this under “Other”.
If multiple job types are selected, answer Questions 8–12 based on the job your organization is most likely to provide or considers most representative.
Note: Monthly effective full-time equivalent (FTE) refers to the proportion of a standard full-time position represented by actual working time or work output.
Dear Participant:
This survey aims to understand the employment status, work capability, treatment schedules, and workplace needs of people receiving dialysis treatment. It will provide research reference for improving work arrangements, job fit, and employment support.
The information you provide will be used only for research analysis in this project. Research materials will be de-identified, and information that could directly identify you will not be publicly disclosed. Please answer based on your actual circumstances. Thank you for your participation and support.
Instructions: There are no right or wrong answers. For questions about work, please answer based on your current job if you are currently employed. If you are not currently employed, please answer based on the type of work you hope to do.
Please enter an amount: __________ yuan per month
Please enter an amount: __________ yuan per month
For example: You may be unable to stand for long periods, may need to avoid heavy physical labor, may have vision limitations, or may need adjustments to your work schedule.
If you are not currently employed, please skip this question.
If you are not currently employed, please skip this question.
If none of these limitations apply, you may leave all options unselected.
Dear Participant:
This survey aims to understand the employment status, work capability, and workplace needs of people with albinism. It will provide research reference for improving work arrangements, job fit, and employment support.
The information you provide will be used only for research analysis in this project. Research materials will be de-identified, and information that could directly identify you will not be publicly disclosed. Please answer based on your actual circumstances. Thank you for your participation and support.
Instructions: There are no right or wrong answers. For questions about work, please answer based on your current job if you are currently employed. If you are not currently employed, please answer based on the type of work you hope to do.
Please enter an amount: __________ yuan per month
Please enter an amount: __________ yuan per month
For example: needs related to continuous visual focus, lighting, UV exposure, outdoor work, or skin protection.
If you are not currently employed, please skip this question.
If you are not currently employed, please skip this question.
If none of these limitations apply, you may leave all options unselected.